Unpacking Contemporary Gender Identity Narratives: Insights into Their Impact on Adults with Level 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder

The evolving landscape of gender identity narratives—encompassing identities beyond the traditional binary such as non-binary, transgender, and gender-fluid—has profoundly influenced societal perceptions of selfhood. Yet, the intersection between these contemporary narratives and adults diagnosed with Level 1 Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains critically underexplored. Individuals with Level 1 ASD, characterized by subtle but impactful social communication challenges and a strong sense of personal identity, may experience unique interactions with gender constructs due to differences in cognitive processing and social integration. This study aims to unpack how contemporary gender identity discourses affect identity formation, mental health, and social belonging among adults with Level 1 ASD.

Using a mixed-method approach, the research surveyed 120 participants aged 18–45, combining standardized mental health assessments with semi-structured interviews to capture both quantitative trends and rich qualitative insights. Statistical analyses evaluated the relationship between comfort with gender expression and mental health outcomes, while thematic analysis illuminated recurring experiences of affirmation, conflict, and community navigation.

Findings reveal a nuanced dynamic: contemporary gender narratives offer empowering frameworks for self-understanding among ASD individuals, yet societal expectations and misunderstandings simultaneously pose risks for social alienation and mental health deterioration. Higher levels of comfort with one’s gender identity correlated positively with better mental health scores. However, qualitative themes underscored a persistent struggle for acceptance both within broader society and within autism-specific communities.

The study highlights the urgent need for intersectional approaches in clinical practice, educational programming, and advocacy work that recognize and support the distinct experiences of neurodiverse individuals exploring gender identity. It recommends targeted interventions that affirm both neurodiversity and gender diversity as integral aspects of identity, with implications for mental health practitioners, educators, policymakers, and support networks.